Seagate Barracuda St4000dm004 Internal Hard Drive User Manual

Seagate Barracuda ST4000DM004 Internal Hard Drive

Introduction

This manual describes the functional, mechanical, and interface specifications for the following

Seagate® BarraCuda® model drives:

• ST8000DM004
• ST6000DM003
• ST4000DM004
• ST3000DM007
• ST2000DM005

These drives provide the following key features:

• Compliant with RoHS requirements in China and Europe.
• High instantaneous (burst) data-transfer rates (up to 600MB per second).
• Native Command Queuing with command ordering to increase performance in demanding applications.
• Quiet operation.
• SeaTools diagnostic software performs a drive self-test that eliminates unnecessary drive returns.
• State-of-the-art cache and on-the-fly error correction algorithms.
• Support for S.M.A.R.T. drives monitoring and reporting.
• Supports latching SATA cables and connectors.
• Worldwide Name (WWN) capability uniquely identifies the drive.

About the SATA interface
The Serial ATA (SATA) interface provides several advantages over the traditional (parallel) ATA interface.

The primary advantages include:

• Easy installation and configuration with true plug-and-play connectivity. It is not necessary to set any jumpers or other configuration options.
• Thinner and more flexible cabling for improved enclosure airflow and ease of installation.
• Scalability to higher performance levels.

In addition, SATA makes the transition from parallel ATA easy by providing legacy software support. SATA was designed to allow users to install a SATA host adapter and SATA disk drive in the current system and expect all of the existing applications to work as normal. The SATA interface connects each disk drive in a point-to-point configuration with the SATA host adapter. There is no master/slave relationship with SATA devices like there is with parallel ATA. If two drives are attached to one SATA host adapter, the host operating system views the two devices as if they were both “masters” on two separate ports. This essentially means both drives behave as if they are Device 0 (master) devices. The SATA host adapter and drive share the function of emulating parallel ATA device behavior to provide backward compatibility with existing host systems and software. The Command and Control Block registers, PIO and DMA data transfers reset, and interrupts are all emulated. The SATA host adapter contains a set of registers that shadow the contents of the traditional device registers, referred to as the Shadow Register Block. All SATA devices behave like Device 0 devices. For additional information about how SATA emulates parallel ATA, refer to the “Serial ATA International Organization: Serial ATA Revision 3.0”. The specification can be downloaded from
www.sata-io.org.

Note

The host adapter may, optionally, emulate a master/slave environment to host software where two devices on separate SATA ports are represented to host software as Device 0 (master) and Device 1 (slave) accessed at the same set of host bus addresses. A host adapter that emulates a master/slave environment manages two sets of shadow registers. This is not a typical SATA environment.

Drive Specifications

Unless otherwise noted, all specifications are measured under ambient conditions, at 25°C, and nominal power. For convenience, the phrases the drive and this drive are used throughout this manual to indicate the following drive models:

ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005

Specification summary tables
The specifications listed in Table 1 are for quick reference. For details on specification measurement or definition, refer to the appropriate section of this manual

Table 1 Drive specifications summary for 8TB & 6TB model

All specifications above are based on native configurations. One GB equals one billion bytes and 1TB equals one trillion bytes when referring to hard drive capacity. Accessible capacity may vary depending on the operating environment and formatting. During periods of drive idle, some offline activity may occur according to the S.M.A.R.T. specification, which may increase acoustic and power to operational levels. Seagate does not recommend operating at sustained case temperatures above 60°C. Operating at higher temperatures will reduce the useful life of the product.

Note If the drive is powered off before issuing the flush cache command, in some instances, the end-user data in the DRAM cache might not be committed to the disk.

Table 2 Drive specifications summary for 4TB, 3TB & 2TB model

All specifications above are based on native configurations. One GB equals one billion bytes and 1TB equals one trillion bytes when referring to hard drive capacity. Accessible capacity may vary depending on the operating environment and formatting. During periods of drive idle, some offline activity may occur according to the S.M.A.R.T. specification, which may increase acoustic and power to operational levels. Seagate does not recommend operating at sustained case temperatures above 60°C. Operating at higher temperatures will reduce the useful life of the product.

Note If the drive is powered off before issuing the flush cache command, in some instances, the end-user data in the DRAM cache might not be committed to the disk.

Formatted capacity

One GB equals one billion bytes and 1TB equals one trillion bytes when referring to hard drive capacity. Accessible capacity may vary depending on the operating environment and formatting.

LBA mode
When addressing these drives in LBA mode, all blocks (sectors) are consecutively numbered from 0 to n–1, where n is the number of guaranteed sectors as defined above.
See Section 4.3.1, “Identify Device command” (words 60-61 and 100-103) for additional information about 48-bit addressing support of drives with capacities over 137GB.

Default logical geometry

• Cylinders: 16,383
• Read/write heads: 16
• Sectors per track: 63

LBA mode

When addressing these drives in LBA mode, all blocks (sectors) are consecutively numbered from 0 to n–1, where n is the number of guaranteed sectors as defined above.

Recording and interface technology

Physical characteristics

Start/stop times
The start/stop times are listed below.

Time-to-ready may be longer than normal if the drive power is removed without going through normal OS power-down procedures.

Power specifications

The drive receives DC power (+5V or +12V) through a native SATA power connector. Refer to Figure 2 on page 19.
Power consumption
Power requirements for the drives are listed in Table 3 and Table 4. Typical power measurements are based on an average of drives tested, under nominal conditions, using 5.0V and 12.0V input voltage at 25°C ambient temperature. These power measurements are done with DIPM enabled.

• Spinup current is measured from the time of power-on to the time that the drive spindle reaches operating speed.
• Read/Write current is measured with the heads on track, based on three 64-sector read or write operations every 100 ms.
• The drive supports three idle modes: Performance Idle mode, Active Idle mode, and Low Power Idle mode. Refer to Section 2.7.4 for power-management modes.

Conducted noise
Input noise ripple is measured at the host system power supply across an equivalent 80-ohm resistive load on the +12 volt line or an equivalent 15-ohm resistive load on the +5 volt line.

• Using 12-volt power, the drive is expected to operate with a maximum of 120 mV peak-to-peak sine-wave injected noise at up to 10MHz.
• Using 5-volt power, the drive is expected to operate with a maximum of 100 mV peak-to-peak sine-wave injected noise at up to 10MHz.

Table 3 DC power requirements for 8TB and 6TB models

Table 4 DC power requirements for 4TB, 3TB, and 2TB models

Conducted noise

Input noise ripple is measured at the host system power supply across an equivalent 80-ohm resistive load on the +12 volt line or an equivalent 15-ohm resistive load on the +5 volt line.

• Using 12-volt power, the drive is expected to operate with a maximum of 120 mV peak-to-peak sine-wave injected noise at up to 10MHz.
• Using 5-volt power, the drive is expected to operate with a maximum of 100 mV peak-to-peak sine-wave injected noise at up to 10MHz.

Note: Equivalent resistance is calculated by dividing the nominal voltage by the typical RMS read/write current.

Voltage tolerance

Voltage tolerance (including noise):

• 5VDC ±5%
• 12VDC ±10%

Power-management modes
The drive provides programmable power management to provide greater energy efficiency. In most systems, users can control power management through the system setup program. The drive features the following power-management modes:

Active mode
The drive is in Active mode during the read/write and seek operations.

Idle mode
The electronics remain powered, and the drive accepts all commands and returns to Active mode when disk access is
necessary.

Standby mode
The drive enters Standby mode immediately when the host sends a Standby Immediate command. If the host has set the standby timer, the drive enters Standby mode automatically after the drive has been inactive for a specifiable length of time. The standby timer delay is established using a Standby or Idle command. In Standby mode, the electronics are in low power mode, the heads are parked and the spindle is at rest. The drive accepts all commands and returns to Active mode when disk access is necessary.

Sleep mode
The drive enters Sleep mode after receiving a Sleep command from the host. In Sleep mode, the electronics are in low power mode, the heads are parked and the spindle is at rest. The drive leaves Sleep mode after it receives a Hard Reset or Soft Reset from the host. After receiving a reset, the drive exits Sleep mode and enters Standby mode.

Idle and Standby timers
Each time the drive performs an Active function (read, write, or seek), the standby timer is reinitialized and begins counting down from its specified delay times to zero. If the standby timer reaches zero before any driving activity is required, the drive makes a transition to Standby mode. In both the Idle and Standby modes, the drive accepts all commands and returns to Active mode when disk access is necessary.

Environmental specifications
This section provides the temperature, humidity, shock, and vibration specifications for BarraCuda drives. Ambient temperature is defined as the temperature of the environment immediately surrounding the drive. Above 1000ft. (305 meters), the maximum temperature is derated linearly by 1°C every 1000 ft. Refer to Section 3.4 on page 20 for the base plate measurement location.

Ambient Temperature

Seagate does not recommend operating at sustained case temperatures above 60°C. Operating at higher temperatures will reduce the useful life of the product

Figure 1 Location of the HDA temperature checkpoint

Note: The image is for reference only, and may not represent the actual drive

Temperature gradient

Humidity

Relative humidity

Wet bulb temperature

Altitude

Shock
All shock specifications assume that the drive is mounted securely with the input shock applied at the drive mounting screws. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.

Operating shock
These drives comply with the performance levels specified in this document when subjected to a maximum operating shock of 80 Gs (read) / 70 Gs (write) based on half-sine shock pulses of 2ms during read operations. Shocks should not be repeated more than two times per second.

Non-operating shock (8TB, 6TB, 4TB & 3TB)
The non-operating shock level that the driver can experience without incurring physical damage or degradation in performance when subsequently put into operation is 350 Gs based on a non-repetitive half-sine shock pulse of 2ms duration.

2TB
The non-operating shock level that the driver can experience without incurring physical damage or degradation in performance when subsequently put into operation is 350 Gs based on a non-repetitive half-sine shock pulse of 2ms duration.

Operating vibration
The maximum vibration levels that the drive may experience while meeting the performance standards specified in this document are specified below.

All vibration specifications assume that the drive is mounted securely with the input vibration applied at the drive mounting screws. Vibration may be applied in the X, Y or Z axis. Throughput may vary if improperly mounted.

Non-operating vibration
The maximum non-operating vibration levels that the drive may experience without incurring physical damage or degradation in performance when subsequently put into operation are specified below.

Acoustics
Drive acoustics are measured as overall A-weighted acoustic sound power levels (no pure tones). All measurements are consistent with ISO document 7779. Sound power measurements are taken under essentially free-field conditions over a reflecting plane. For all tests, the drive is oriented with the cover facing upward.

Note: For seek mode tests, the drive is placed in seek mode only.
The number of seeks per second is defined by the following equation: (Number of seeks per second = 0.4 / (average latency + average access time)

Table 5 Fluid Dynamic Bearing (FDB) motor acoustics

During periods of drive idle, some offline activity may occur according to the S.M.A.R.T. specification, which may increase acoustic and power to operational levels.

Test for Prominent Discrete Tones (PDTs)

Seagate follows the ECMA-74 standards for the measurement and identification of PDTs. An exception to this process is the use of the absolute threshold of hearing. Seagate uses this threshold curve (originated in ISO 389-7) to discern tone audibility and to compensate for the inaudible components of sound prior to the computation of tone ratios according to Annex D of the ECMA-74 standards.

Electromagnetic immunity
When properly installed in a representative host system, the drive operates without errors or degradation in performance when subjected to the radio frequency (RF) environments defined in Table 6.

Table 6 Radiofrequency environments

Warranty

To determine the warranty for a specific drive, use a web browser to access the following web page: http://www.seagate.com/support/warranty-and-replacements/

From this page, click on “Is my Drive under Warranty”. Users will be asked to provide the drive serial number, model number (or part number), and country of purchase. The system will display the warranty information for the drive.

Data loss under power interruption with write cache enabled

The drive preserves its data during all operations except in cases where the power to the drive is interrupted during write operations. This could result in either an uncorrected data error being reported, or the entire sector/track becoming unreadable. This can be permanently recovered by rewriting to the same location on the drive. Additionally, any data present in the DRAM buffer will not be written to the disk media, additionally, the drive will not be able to return the original data.

In order to prevent this data loss, the host should issue a standby immediate or flush cache command before a controlled power-off operation to the drive.

Storage

Maximum storage periods are 180 days within the original unopened Seagate shipping package or 60 days unpackaged within the defined non-operating limits (refer to the environmental section in this manual). Storage can be extended to 1 year packaged or unpackaged under optimal environmental conditions (25°C, <40% relative humidity non-condensing, and non-corrosive environment). During any storage period, the drive’s non-operational temperature, humidity, wet bulb, atmospheric conditions, shock, vibration, and magnetic and electrical field specifications should be followed.

HDD and SSD Regulatory Compliance and Safety
For the latest regulatory and compliance information see: www.seagate.com/support/ scroll down the page and click the Compliance, Safety, and Disposal Guide link.

Regulatory models

The following regulatory model number represents all features and configurations within the series:

Regulatory Model Numbers: SKR004 = 8TB & 6TB SKR002 = 4TB, 3TB & 2TB

Corrosive environment

Seagate electronic drive components pass accelerated corrosion testing equivalent to 10 years of exposure to light industrial environments containing sulfurous gases, chlorine, and nitric oxide, classes G and H per ASTM B845. However, this accelerated testing cannot duplicate every potential application environment. Users should use caution exposing any electronic components to uncontrolled chemical pollutants and corrosive chemicals as electronic drive component reliability can be affected by the installation environment. The silver, copper, nickel, and gold films used in Seagate products are especially sensitive to the presence of sulfide, chloride, and nitrate contaminants. Sulfur is found to be the most damaging. In addition, electronic components should never be exposed to condensing water on the surface of the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) or exposed to an ambient relative humidity greater than 95%. Materials used in cabinet fabrication, such as vulcanized rubber, that can outgas corrosive compounds should be minimized or eliminated. The useful life of any electronic equipment may be extended by replacing materials near circuitry with sulfide-free alternatives.

Configuring and Mounting the Drive

This section contains the specifications and instructions for configuring and mounting the drive.

Handling and static-discharge precautions

After unpacking, and before installation, the drive may be exposed to potential handling and electrostatic discharge (ESD) hazards. Observe the following standard handling and static-discharge precautions:

Caution

• Before handling the drive, put on a grounded wrist strap, or ground oneself frequently by touching the metal chassis of a computer that is plugged into a grounded Wear a grounded wrist strap throughout the entire installation procedure.
• Handle the drive by its edges or frame only.
• The drive is extremely fragile—handle it with Do not press down on the drive top cover.
• Always rest the drive on a padded, antistatic surface until users mount it in the computer.
• Do not touch the connector pins or the printed circuit board.
• Do not remove the factory-installed labels from the drive or cover them with additional labels. Removal voids the warranty. Some factory-installed labels contain information needed to service the drive. Other labels are used to seal out dirt and contamination.

Configuring the drive

Each drive on the SATA interface connects point-to-point with the SATA host adapter. There is no master/slave relationship because each drive is considered a master in a point-to-point relationship. If two drives are attached to one SATA host adapter, the host operating system views the two devices as if they were both “masters” on two separate ports. Both drives behave as if they are Device 0 (master) devices.

SATA drives are designed for easy installation. It is usually not necessary to set any jumpers on the drive for proper operation; however, if users connect the drive and receive a “drive not detected” error, the SATA-equipped motherboard or host adapter may use a chipset that does not support SATA speed auto-negotiation.

SATA cables and connectors

The SATA interface cable consists of four conductors in two differential pairs, plus three ground connections. The cable size may be 30 to 26 AWG with a maximum length of one meter (39.37 inches). See Table 7 for connector pin definitions. Either end of the SATA signal cable can be attached to the drive or host.

For direct backplane connection, the drive connectors are inserted directly into the host receptacle. The drive and the host receptacle incorporate features that enable the direct connection to be hot-pluggable and blind-mateable. For installations that require cables, users can connect the drive as illustrated in Figure 2.

Drive mounting

Users can mount the drive in any orientation using four screws in the side-mounting holes or four screws in the bottom-mounting holes. Refer to Figure 3 for drive mounting dimensions.

Follow these important mounting precautions when mounting the drive:

• Allow a minimum clearance of 030 inches (0.76mm) around the entire perimeter of the drive for cooling.
• Use only 6-32 UNC mounting screws.
• The screws should be inserted no more than 140 inches (3.56 mm) into the bottom or side mounting holes.
• Do not overtighten the mounting screws (maximum torque: 6 inch-lb).

Figure 3 Mounting dimensions (1-disk models)

Mounting dimensions (3 and 4-disk models)

SATA Interface

These drives use the industry-standard Serial ATA (SATA) interface that supports FIS data transfers. It supports ATA programmed input/output (PIO) modes 0 to 4; multiword DMA modes 0 to 2, and Ultra DMA modes 0 to 6. For detailed information about the SATA interface, refer to the “Serial ATA: High-Speed Serialized AT Attachment” specification.

Hot-Plug compatibility

Seagate BarraCuda drives incorporate connectors that enable users to hot plug these drives in accordance with the SATA Revision 3.2 specification. This specification can be downloaded from www.serialata.org

SATA device plug connector pin definitions

Table 7 summarizes the signals on the SATA interface and power connectors.

Table 7 SATA connector pin definitions

Notes

1. All pins are in a single row, with a 27 mm (0.050 in) pitch.
2. The comments on the mating sequence apply to the case of backplane blindmate connector In this case, the mating sequences are:
   • the ground pins P4 and
   • the pre-charge power pins and the other ground
   • the signal pins and the rest of the power
3. There are three power pins for each One pin from each voltage is used for pre-charge when installed in a blind-mate backplane con- figuration.
   • All used voltage pins (V_x) must be terminated.

Supported ATA commands

The following table lists SATA standard commands that the drive supports. For a detailed description of the ATA commands, refer to the Serial ATA International Organization: Serial ATA Revision 3.0 (http://www.sata-io.org). See “S.M.A.R.T. commands” on page 30 for details and subcommands used in the S.M.A.R.T. implementation.

Table 8 SATA standard commands

Identify Device command

The Identify Device command (command code ECH) transfers information about the drive to the host following power-up. The data is organized as a single 512-byte block of data, whose contents are shown on page 22. All reserved bits or words should be set to zero. Parameters listed with an “x” are drive-specific or vary with the state of the drive. The following commands contain drive-specific features that may not be included in the SATA specification.

Table 9  Identify Device commands

• Note: Advanced Power Management (APM) and Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM) features are not supported.
• Note: See the bit descriptions below for words 63, 84, and 88 of the Identify Drive data.

Set Features command

This command controls the implementation of various features that the drive supports. When the drive receives this command, it sets BSY, checks the contents of the Features register, clears BSY and generates an interrupt. If the value in the register does not represent a feature that the drive supports, the command is aborted. Power-on default has the read look-ahead and write caching features enabled. The acceptable values for the Features register are defined as follows:

Table 10 Set Features command

Note: At power-on, or after a hardware or software reset, the default values of the features are as indicated above.

S.M.A.R.T. commands

S.M.A.R.T. provides near-term failure prediction for disk drives. When S.M.A.R.T. is enabled, the drive monitors predetermined drive attributes that are susceptible to degradation over time. If self-monitoring determines that a failure is likely, S.M.A.R.T. makes a status report available to the host. Not all failures are predictable. S.M.A.R.T. predictability is limited to the attributes the drive can monitor. For more information on S.M.A.R.T. commands and implementation, see the Draft ATA-5 Standard. SeaTools diagnostic software activates a built-in drive self-test (DST S.M.A.R.T. command for D4H) that eliminates unnecessary drive returns. The diagnostic software ships with all new drives and is also available at: http://seatools.seagate.com.

This drive is shipped with S.M.A.R.T. features disabled. Users must have a recent BIOS or software package that supports S.M.A.R.T. to enable this feature. The table below shows the S.M.A.R.T. command codes that the drive uses.

Table 11 S.M.A.R.T. commands

Note: If an appropriate code is not written to the Features Register, the command is aborted and 0x04 (abort) is written to the Error register.

FAQ’s