Friendcom Iduv915-lrw Inductive Sensor Endpoint User Manual

Friendcom Iduv915-lrw Inductive Sensor Endpoint User Manual

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Friendcom IDUV915-LRW Inductive Sensor Endpoint

Friendcom-IDUV915-LRW-Inductive-Sensor-Endpoint-PRODUCT

About the Product

The IDUV915-LRW Inductive Sensor Endpoint is a model name FC-725 product manufactured by Friendcom CO., LTD. It is a LoRaWAN Terminal Series version 1.2 device used for detecting and measuring the presence of metallic objects using inductive sensing technology. The device is designed to be connected with customers’ applications.

Product Features

  • Inductive sensing technology for detecting metallic objects
  • LoRaWAN communication protocol for long-range wireless connectivity
  • Low power consumption for extended battery life
  • Compact and lightweight design for easy installation

Product Usage Instructions

The IDUV915-LRW Inductive Sensor Endpoint is intended for use by system engineers (SEs), application engineers, and test engineers. Before using the device, please refer to the following documents:

  • Friendcom_IDUV915-LRW_Inductive_Sensor_Endpoint_Terminal_Datasheet
  • Friendcom_IDUV915-LRW_Inductive_Sensor_Endpoint_Configuration_Guide

To use the device, follow the steps below:

  1. Install the device according to the instructions provided in the configuration guide.
  2. Connect the device to your application using the appropriate communication protocol.
  3. Power on the device and wait for it to establish a connection with your application.
  4. The device will detect the presence of metallic objects and
    send data to your application using the LoRaWAN protocol.

If you encounter any issues or require technical support, please contact Friendcom Technology Co., Ltd. using the contact information provided in the user manual.

Friendcom has always been committed to technological innovation. Our aim is to provide customers with timely and comprehensive service. For any assistance, please contact our Shenzhen headquarters:

FRIENDCOM TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
7th Floor, 17 Building, Guangqian Industrial Park, Xili Town, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China

  • Tel: +86-755-86026600
  • +86-755- 23230320
  • Fax: +86-755-86026300

For technical support, or to report documentation errors, please visit:
http://www.friendcom.com Or email to: [email protected]

NOTICE
Information in this document has been carefully reviewed and is considered to be accurate. However, Friendcom assumes no liability resulting from any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, or from use of the information obtained herein. Friendcom reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein and reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes from time to time in content hereof with no obligation to  notify any person of revisions or changes. Friendcom does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product described herein.

COPYRIGHTS
This manual and Friendcom products described herein may include or describe copyrighted Friendcom material and are considered technical proprietary of Friendcom CO., LTD. Accordingly, any copyrighted material of Friendcom and its licensors contained herein or in Friendcom products described in this manual may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, merged or modified in any manner without the express written permission of Friendcom.

TRADEMARKS
and Friendcom logo are registered Trademarks. All other product or service names which are mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners.

About This Document

Scope
Scope of this document is to present features and application of Friendcom IDUV915-LRW Inductive Sensor Endpoint(Model name FC-725).

Audience
This document is intended for system engineers (SEs), application engineers, and test engineers.

Related Documents

  • Friendcom_IDUV915-LRW_Inductive_Sensor_Endpoint_Terminal_Datasheet
  • Friendcom_IDUV915-LRW_Inductive_Sensor_Endpoint_Configuration_Guide

Conventions

Friendcom-IDUV915-LRW-Inductive-Sensor-Endpoint-FIG-1

History

1.02021-01Initial draft
1.12021-03Modify the power consumption
1.22021-04Modify the product name

Introduction

This document describes the technical parameters and key functions which are connected with customers’ applications, and it can help customers quickly understand the data format, features, as well as other related information of IDUV915-LRW Inductive Sensor Endpoint.

Product Concept

General Description
IDUV915-LRW Inductive Sensor Endpoint is a data acquisition and transmission terminal, which is widely used in the intelligent construction of water meters, gas meters, and heat meters. It can realize data collection, data storage management, abnormal warning and wireless communication functions. IDUV915-LRW based on a high performance LoRaWAN module, it supports standard wireless LoRaWAN protocol. IDUV915-LRW built-in high-performance non-magnetic metering module, can detect rotating metal target in meters to measure the volume of flow. It is completely diamagnetic and has strong anti-interference. With pre-installed long-life battery and built-in antenna, the IDUV915-LRW has the characteristics of simple deployment, high reliability, low power consumption and long transmission distance.

Key Features
The following shows the key features of IDUV915-LRW.

  • Immunity of magnet interference.
  • Supports a range of event alarms including:battery life, reverse flow, Disassemble etc.
  • Waterproof: IP67.
  • Suitable to workin harsh environment.
  • Long range wireless data transmission.
  • Multi-band support, EU433, CN470, EU868, US915, AU915, IN865, etc.
  • Pre-installed long-life battery and built-in antenna.
  • Air wireless configuration.
  • Firmware upgrade by FOTA.
  • Average life 10 years*.

NOTE
Lifetime depends from the device location and reporting interval.

Curve freezing function introduction
The IDUV915-LRW also supports more flexible data collection point configuration. Compared to the traditional recording method, the curve freezing function can help users record the usage of each time period of the day and report the data. In order to meet this demand, the IDUV915-LRW program will average 96 time points in a day, and the interval between time points It is 15 minutes, as shown in the table below

Friendcom-IDUV915-LRW-Inductive-Sensor-Endpoint-FIG-2Curve reporting function has two reporting frame format, one is the default curve reporting frame, its acquisition point settings such as Table 2-1. ( 4 am to 11 pm every 1hour. 11 pm to 4 am every 15 minutes) The other is the user-defined curve reporting frame. The user can set any desired data collection plan by modifying the 12-byte mask. The mask corresponding to the above figure is FFFF8888888888888888888F. The mask can be obtained through the separately provided data collection schedule.

NOTE
Due to the limitation of the data length of the reported frame, a maximum of 77 data collection points are currently supported. If the collection point set by the user exceeds 77, the mask and AT command will not be displayed.

Specifications

The following table describes the specifications of IDUV915-LRW

Dimension92mm (L) x 63mm(W) x 48.5 mm (H)
Weight70g (The weight of packing material is not included)
Battery LifeAverage life 10 years
Communication rangeUp to 15km (In visibility conditions)
 

Radio Characteristics

Tx Power: Max. 20dBm Rx Sensitivity: < -138dBm
 

Power Consumption

Average 8.5uA @ absence of water flow Average 11.5uA @ presence of water flow
MAC LayerLoRaWAN ®
IP RatingIP67
Working BandsEU433, CN470, EU868, US915, AU915, IN865, etc.
Operating Temperature-40°C to +70°C (Industrial Grade)
Operating humidity5%RH to 95%RH
Antenna OptionBuild-in Antenna
Power SupplyPre-installed long-life battery, 2.6V to 3.7V
ConfigurationOver-the-air
UpgradeFOTA
Environmental ComplianceRoHS, REACH
CertificationCE, FCC, LoRa Alliance*

Means for features and certifications in planning

Safety Recommendations
Ensure that this product is used in compliant with the requirements of the country and the environment, the following safety precautions must be observed during all phases of the operation, such as usage, service or repair of wireless pulse acquisition products. If not so, Friendcom assumes no liability for customers’ failure to comply with these precautions

Friendcom-IDUV915-LRW-Inductive-Sensor-Endpoint-FIG-3Friendcom-IDUV915-LRW-Inductive-Sensor-Endpoint-FIG-4

Data Format and Setting Command

Data Format of Reporting
IDUV915-LRW actively reports data according to the set period. The format of reported data frame can be set to four types: short format, long format, default curve and custom curve. The information reported in the four formats is different, as follows: Short data frame format:

NameByteNote
Frame header1Fixed 0x56
 

 

 

 

Frame number and status

 

 

 

 

 

1

Bit 4- Bit 7: Frame number

Bit 3: Downlink command successful reply mark,0 means no reply, 1 means the last command issued by the server was successfully executed.

Bit 2: Open the lid detection mark, 0 means the shell is normal, 1 means the shell is abnormal.This bit is cleared after the cover is re-closed.

Bit 1: Reverse flow identification, 0 means no reverse flow, 1 means there is reverse flow.This bit is cleared after any report is successful.

Bit 0: Low voltage alarm flag, 0 means normal, 1 means abnormal

Reverse   pulse number 

4

 

BCD code, unit L, current reverse cumulative count.

Data area4BCD code,Unit L, current cumulative number
Checksum1Accumulate sum, the cumulative sum of one byte of data from the frame

header to the check

Long data frame format

NameByteNote
Frame header1Fixed 0x55
Frame number1Data frame accumulator, value range 0 to 255, cyclic accumulation
 

Address field

 

4

 

BCD code, unit L, current reverse cumulative count.

Function code1Fixed 0x01
Data area4BCD code, unit L, current cumulative number
Freeze data on previous day 

4

 

BCD code, unit L

Clock6Format is Year, month, day, hour, minute
 

Battery voltage

 

1

Current battery voltage, the actual voltage value needs to be divided by 10
 

 

 

 

 

Status byte

 

 

 

 

 

1

Bit 4-Bit 7: Reserved.

Bit 3: Downlink command successful reply mark,0 means no reply, 1 means the last command issued by the server was successfully executed.

Bit 2: Open the lid detection mark, 0 means the shell is normal, 1 means the shell is abnormal.This bit is cleared after the cover is re-closed.

Bit 1: Reverse flow identification, 0 means no reverse flow, 1 means there is reverse flow.This bit is cleared after any report is successful.

Bit 0: Low voltage alarm flag, 0 means normal, 1 means abnormal

 

Checksum

 

1

Accumulate sum, the cumulative sum of one byte of data from the frame header to the check
Terminator1Fixed 0x16

Default curve frame format

Default curve report frame
Data fieldField lengthExampleExample data description
Start fixed at 0x5710x57Fixed HEX0x57
Timestamp30x210303March 03, 2021 (BCD code)
0:00 Freeze data30x0030390:00 frozen to 12345.6 cubic meters (HEX)
0:1510x010:00-0:15 increased by 0.1 cubic(HEX)
0:3010x020:15-0:30 increased by 0.2 cubic (HEX)
0:4510x030:30-0:45 increased by 0.3 cubic(HEX)
1:0010x040:45-1:00 increased by 0.4 cubic(HEX)
1:1510x05
1:3010x06
1:4510x07
2:0010x08
2:1510x09
2:3010x0A
2:4510x0B
3:0010x0C
3:1510x0D
3:3010x0E
3:4510x0F
4:0010x103:45-4:00 increased by 1.6 cubic(HEX)
5:0010x114:00-5:00 increased by 1.7 cubic(HEX)
6:0010x12
7:0010x13
8:0010x14
9:0010x15
10:0010x16
11:0010x17
12:0010x18
13:0010x19
14:0010x1A
15:0010x1B 
16:0010x1C
17:0010x1D
18:0010x1E
19:0010x1F
20:0010x01
21:0010x02
22:0010x03
23:0010x0422:00-23:00 increased by 0.4 cubic(HEX)
23:1510x0523:00-23:15 increased by 0.5 cubic(HEX)
23:3010x06
23:4510x07
Status byte10x02The definition is the same as short frame status byte
Checksum plus mask CRC8

sum

 

1

 

0xB4

 

Checksum 0xF5+mask CRC8 0xBF

Terminator10x16Fixed HEX0x16

Custom curve frame format::

Custom curve report frame
Data fieldField lengthExample
Start fixed at 0x5710x58
Timestamp3210304
0:00 Freeze data3123456
customize10x01
customize10x02
customize10x03
customize10x04
customize10x05
customize10x06
customize10x07
customize10x08
customize10x09
customize10x0A
customize10x0B
customize10x0C
customize10x0D
customize10x0E
customize10x0F
customize10x10
customize10x11
customize10x12
customize10x13
customize10x14
customize10x15
customize10x16
customize10x17
customize10x18
customize10x19
customize10x1A
customize10x1B
customize10x1C
customize10x1D
customize10x1E
customize10x1F
customize10x01
customize10x02
customize10x03
customize10x04
customize10x05
customize10x06
customize10x07
Status byte10x02
Checksum plus mask CRC8 sum10xF7+mask CRC8
Terminator10x16

Setting Command
Parameters of IDUV915-LRW can be set and read by AT command, the format of commands is shown in the following table

CommandNoteAck (Success)Ack (Failure)
AT+JOINMODE=0Set OTAA modeOKError
AT+APPEUI=xxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxx

Set APPEUI

e.g. AT+APPEUI=1122334455667788

 

OK

 

Error

 

AT+APPKEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Set APPKEY

e.g. AT+APPKEY=1122334455667788990011223 3445566

 

 

OK

 

 

Error

AT+JOINMODE=1Set ABP modeOKError
 

AT+NWKSKEY=xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Set NWKSKEY

e.g. AT+NWKSKEY=11223344556677889900112 233445566

 

 

OK

 

 

Error

 

AT+APPSKEY=xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Set APPSKEY

e.g. AT+APPSKEY=11223344556677889900112 233445566

 

 

OK

 

 

Error

 

 

 

 

AT+URAM=F300,04

Read the current number of pulses e.g. [<- 11:07:16.259] AT+URAM=F300,04 [-> 11:07:16.324] +URAM:F300,04,12345678

Indicates that the current pulse is 0x78563412, that is, the low byte is before the high byte is after

 

 

 

+URAM:F300,04

,12345678

 

 

 

 

Error

 

 

 

 

 

 

AT+URAM=F300,04,393000 00

Write current pulse number

Current number of pulses = current meter reading * pulse constant (the result retains the integer part)

e.g. The current meter reading is 123.456 cubic meters and the pulse constant is 100, so the number of pulses should be 12345.

The writing is also in accordance with the low byte first and the high byte after, for example, write 12345,

12345 = 0x00003039;

[<- 11:12:08.076]
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Error

 AT+URAM=F300,04,39300000 [-> 11:12:08.135] OK  
 

 

 

 

AT+URAM=F304,04

Read the reporting period e.g. [<- 11:13:33.539] AT+URAM=F304,04 [-> 11:13:33.604] +URAM:F304,04,A0050000

Indicates that the reporting period is 0x000005A0, that is, the low byte is before the high byte, and the reporting period is in minutes.

 

 

 

 

+URAM:F304,04

,A0050000

 

 

 

 

Error

AT+URAM=F304,04,a00500

00

 

Write reporting period

 

OK

 

Error

 

 

 

 

 

AT+URAM=F308,02

Read pulse constant e.g. [<- 11:16:50.579] AT+URAM=F308,02 [-> 11:16:50.644] +URAM:F308,02,0A00

Indicates that the current pulse is 0x000A, that is, the low byte is before the high byte, The pulse constant represents the number of pulses equal to 1 cubic meter, and the range is 1-2000

 

 

 

 

 

+URAM:F308,02

,0A00

 

 

 

 

 

Error

AT+URAM=F308,02,0a00Write pulse constantOKError
 

 

 

AT+URAM=F30E,04

Read device address e.g. [<- 11:19:40.364] AT+URAM=F30E,04 [-> 11:19:40.425] +URAM:F30E,04,12345678

Indicates that the current device address is 0x12 0x34 0x56 0x78

 

 

 

+URAM:F30E,04

,12345678

 

 

 

Error

AT+URAM=F30E,04,123456

78

 

Write device address

 

OK

 

Error

 

 

 

AT+URAM=F30A,01

Read power output e.g. [<- 11:24:38.124] AT+URAM=F30A,01 [-> 11:24:38.185] +URAM:F30A,01,00

00 means currently closed 01 means currently open

 

 

 

+URAM:F30A,01

,00

 

 

 

Error

AT+URAM=F30A,01,00Write power output offOKError
AT+URAM=F30A,01,01Write power output onOKError
 

 

 

AT+URAM=F30B,01

Read up and down configuration e.g. [<- 11:24:38.124] AT+URAM=F30B,01 [-> 11:24:38.185] +URAM:F30B,01,00

00 means currently closed 01 means currently open

 

 

 

+URAM:F30B,01

,00

 

 

 

Error

AT+URAM=F30B,01,00Write up and down configuration CloseOKError
AT+URAM=F30B,01,01Write up and down configuration openOKError
 

 

 

AT+URAM=F30C,01

Read measurement mode e.g. [<- 11:24:38.124] AT+URAM=F30C,01 [-> 11:24:38.185] +URAM:F30B,01,00

00 means single pulse mode 01 means double pulse mode

 

 

 

+URAM:F30B,01

,00

 

 

 

Error

AT+URAM=F30C,01,00Write measurement mode Set single pulseOKError
AT+URAM=F30C,01,01Write measurement mode Set double pulseOKError
 

 

 

 

 

AT+URAM=F30D,01

Read frame format e.g. [<- 11:24:38.124] AT+URAM=F30D,01 [-> 11:24:38.185] +URAM:F30D,01,00

00 means short frame format 01 means long frame format

Note: If the transmission fails, the module will

use the short frame format for a retransmission;

 

 

 

 

 

+URAM:F30D,01

,00

 

 

 

 

 

Error

 

AT+URAM=F30D,01,00

Write frame format:

Set short frame mode

 

OK

 

Error

 

AT+URAM=F30D,01,01

Write frame format:

Set long frame mode

 

OK

 

Error

 

AT+URAM=F30D,01,02

Write frame format:

Set default curve reporting mode

 

OK

 

Error

 

AT+URAM=F30D,01,03

Write frame format:

Set Custom Curve Reporting mode

 

OK

 

Error

 

 

AT+SAVE

Save and apply parameters; Save RF parameters;

Save the table parameters, and use the current time as the starting time of the

reporting period.

 

 

OK

 

 

Error

 

 

AT+UAT0?

This command can be used to query the data collection plan mask.

e.g.

[<- 15:26:42.991] AT+UAT0? [-> 15:26:43.059]
 

 

will return the current mask

 

 

Error

 +UAT0:39,BF,FFFF8888888888888888888F

Among them, 39 indicates that 39 collection points have been selected, and BF indicates that the CRC8 of the mask is 0xBF, and this value participates in the calculation of the check field of the curve report frame.

  
 This command can be used to set the data  
 collection plan mask.  
AT+UAT0=[12-byte mask]e.g. [<- 15:40:29.965]OKError
 AT+UAT0=FFFF888888888888F888888F  
 [-> 15:40:30.028] OK  
 his command can be used to query the frozen  
 area data.  
 e.g. 1  
 [<- 15:49:22.452] AT+UAT1?  
 [-> 15:49:22.507] +UAT1: No data available  
 If no data is returned, it means that there is no  
 data to be reported.  
 e.g. 2Return the latest 
AT+UAT1?[<- 15:56:18.812] AT+UAT1? [-> 15:56:18.956]data to be

reported in the

Error
 +UAT1:00,Not,012103170004D20000C00000frozen area 
 C00000C00000C00000C00000C00000C000  
 00C00000C00000C00000C000000000002A8  
 DD9  
 00: Indicates that the data is in block number  
 00  
 Not: indicates that the data is in a state to be  
 reported  
 Setting command:AT+UAT1=[block area  
 code], block area code 00-0F  
 e.g. 1  
 [<- 16:18:46.649] AT+UAT1=00  
 [-> 16:18:46.795]  
 +UAT1:00,OK,002103170004D20000C00000  
 C00000C00000C00000C00000C00000C000  
 00C00000C00000C00000C000000000002A8  
 D03  
 00: Indicates that the data is in block number  
 00  
 OK: indicates that the data has been  
 

AT+UAT1=[block area code]

successfully reported

 

The format of the frozen area data is as

Return frozen area data 

Error

 follows:  
 ·Status: 1 byte, 00 means reported, 01 means  
 to be reported  
 ·Date BCD code: 3 bytes, such as 20 21 03 15  
 ·Acquisition point 0 data: 3 bytes, the  
 definition is the same as the custom curve  
 report frame  
 ·Acquisition point 1-N data: 1 byte, coding  
 rules are the same as custom curve reporting  
 frame  
 ·Collection points: 1 byte, which is N  
 This command can be used to query the  
 reporting time  
 e.g. 1  
 [<- 16:22:41.418] AT+UAT2?  
 [-> 16:22:41.495] +UAT2: Alarm 3 17:00:00,  
 Upload 08:15:00 + 11minreturn the current 
AT+UAT2?3 17:00:00: Indicates that the alarm timeralarm time andError
 value is 17:00:00 on the 3rd of the weekreported time 
 08:15:00: Indicates that the reporting time is  
 08:15:00 every day  
 + 11min: indicates that the random delay in  
 reporting is 11 minutes  
 

 

AT+UAT2=hh:mm

This command can be used to set the reporting time

e.g. 1

[<- 16:45:53.584] AT+UAT2=09:15
 

 

OK

 

 

Error

 [-> 16:45:53.624] OK  
 Query current time  
 e.g. 1  
AT+RTC?[<- 17:48:44.455] AT+RTC? [-> 17:48:44.511] +RTC:2021-03-17OKError
 17:48:44OK  

Parameters Configuration

Parameters Configuration
Before using the IDUV915-LRW, we need to configure some parameters, such as initial index, RTC real-time clock, upload frame type, AppKEY and other LoRaWAN information. For detailed operation steps, users can refer to Friendcom IDUV915-LRW Configuration Guide Manual.

Wireless Configuration Mode
Plug the wireless USB adapter FC-714-USB into your computer and install the correct driver to configure the product wirelessly.

Entering Configuration Mode
IDUV915-LRW terminal can be activated by magnet to enter configuration mode. The reed switch inside the product is triggered by the magnet to put the product into the configuration mode, and then the configuration command must be sent within 30 seconds. If the product does not detect the configuration command in 30 seconds, the configuration mode will be exited. Once the command is received, the product will keep in configuration mode for another 30 seconds. The trigger position is shown in the figure below.

Friendcom-IDUV915-LRW-Inductive-Sensor-Endpoint-FIG-5

The time that magnet triggers the reed switch to connect (the duration from connect to the break) and the corresponding functions are shown in the following table:

Magnet hold timeFeaturesRemarks
2s-4sReport data onceTypically 3s
4s-9sConfiguration modeTypically 5s
9s-15sResetTypically 12s
>15sNo responseClose magnet detecting function 60s
  • When the product exits the configuration mode, basing on whether the user has sent a network access command (AT + JOIN) and whether the current mode is OTAA, it will automatically join the network if both are satisfied. The network access result can be verified by triggering whether the data report is successful.
  • The parameters can be set through AT command, for detailed command information, please refer to section 3.2.

Dimensions and Installation Instructions

Dimensions
The dimensions of IDUV915-LRW is show blew (unit mm).

Friendcom-IDUV915-LRW-Inductive-Sensor-Endpoint-FIG-6

Installation

Friendcom-IDUV915-LRW-Inductive-Sensor-Endpoint-FIG-7

IDUV915-LRW use clasp and screw installation, Installation method:

  1. The module is fixed on the water meter with clasp
  2. Strengthened with screw.
  3. Put on the anti-disassembly plug.

Transportantion and Storage

Storage: -5C to 55C, non-corrosive gases.

Less than 4 layers stacked and pay attention to shockproof during transportation.

FCC Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

  1. This device may not cause harmful interference.
  2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

NOTE:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

  • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
  • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
  • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
  • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

To comply with RF exposure requirements, a minimum separation distance of 20cm must be maintained between the user’s body and the device.

References

Documents / Resouces

Download manual
Here you can download full pdf version of manual, it may contain additional safety instructions, warranty information, FCC rules, etc.


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